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Managed Kubernetes on Hetzner: Your Options Compared

Every option here runs Kubernetes on Hetzner. They differ in what stays with you: the node OS, CVEs, tested upgrades, and someone to ask when you need help.36

Self-managed Kubernetes

What it is
You install k3s, RKE2 or kubeadm on Hetzner servers, usually with Terraform, Ansible or a community tool such as hetzner-k3s or kube-hetzner.2021
Who does the work
The software is free. You set up each server, patch the OS, install the network plugin and Hetzner integration, track CVEs and test each upgrade.1312

Cluster API + CAPH

What it is
Open-source controllers create, watch and replace Hetzner Cloud and bare-metal servers from cluster definitions you write and maintain.14
Who does the work
CAPH is Apache-2.0 and maintained by Syself and the community. The management cluster, node images, in-cluster components, CVE fixes and upgrade tests stay with you.1415

What it is
Fully managed Kubernetes on servers in your own Hetzner account. Syself builds and tests the whole platform as one unit: Syself Linux, the health agent on every node, KubeGate, the provisioner and the controllers that repair and upgrade the cluster.18285
Who does the work
Syself sets up your servers, updates the node OS, fixes CVEs and upgrades Kubernetes.53430 Syself Autopilot includes support from the Syself team.22 You choose when each cluster moves to a new Cluster Stack release.

Which One Fits You?

Tick what applies.

What applies to you?
Self-managed Kubernetes · 0Cluster API + CAPH · 0Syself Autopilot · 0

Tick what applies to you

The answer updates as you go. Every need on the list counts, including the ones that point away from us.

The Three Options at a Glance

One short fact per option for each layer, each linked to its source.

Who runs the platformSelf-managed Kubernetes You, on every layerCluster API + CAPH You, on every layer; CAPH automates the servers14Syself Autopilot Syself, fully managed: the servers, OS, Kubernetes and in-cluster components18
How you describe a clusterSelf-managed Kubernetes Terraform or Ansible code plus the distribution’s config2021Cluster API + CAPH The Cluster API objects for each cluster, or a ClusterClass you write and maintain, plus everything inside the cluster14Syself Autopilot One `Cluster` object per cluster, ready for GitOps; Syself writes, tests and maintains everything behind it12
Hetzner Cloud serversSelf-managed Kubernetes By hand, with Terraform or Ansible, or with hetzner-k3s or kube-hetzner2021Cluster API + CAPH Created and replaced declaratively by CAPH14Syself Autopilot Created, set up and replaced by Syself Autopilot for you5
Bare-metal serversSelf-managed Kubernetes Install with installimage from the rescue system and join by hand11Cluster API + CAPH CAPH provisions servers you have bought and registered; it does not order them14Syself Autopilot Renting them is the only manual step; Syself checks the disks, installs Syself Linux, joins them and tells you what broke when the hardware fails68
How a node is set upSelf-managed Kubernetes A general-purpose OS, configured at boot by cloud-init or scripts that download packages and images2021Cluster API + CAPH Configured at first boot by bootstrap scripts, on stock Ubuntu or an image you build14Syself Autopilot Built in the rescue system before first boot, with the sealed image, its config and the control-plane container images on disk; nothing to download or configure at boot5
Operating systemSelf-managed Kubernetes Yours to choose; kube-hetzner defaults to openSUSE Leap Micro and can apply OS updates for you21Cluster API + CAPH Stock Ubuntu or images you build; patching either one is yours14Syself Autopilot Syself Linux, built and updated by Syself: read-only, checked block by block, replaced rather than patched. A security team tracks each CVE, checks whether your clusters are exposed and ships the fix in a tested release; support is included3
Kubernetes upgradesSelf-managed Kubernetes Yours, one minor at a time, about three a year to stay supported1617Cluster API + CAPH CAPH rolls machines when you change the version14Syself Autopilot Tested updates every week, listed in the Version Hub; you trigger one and Syself drains, removes and replaces each node, with no rollback307
TestingSelf-managed Kubernetes k3s, RKE2 and kube-hetzner test their own releases; your mix of OS, add-ons and settings is yours to test181921Cluster API + CAPH The combination you assemble is yours to test14Syself Autopilot More than 400 tests on real clusters per release, including every supported upgrade path; a cluster can only use a release that passed4
Inside the clusterSelf-managed Kubernetes Install Hetzner’s cloud controller and CSI driver yourself, or use a tool that bundles them12Cluster API + CAPH Install and upgrade Hetzner’s cloud controller and CSI driver in each cluster12Syself Autopilot The network plugin, Hetzner integration and storage are included and versioned in every release2
Node repairSelf-managed Kubernetes YoursCluster API + CAPH MachineHealthChecks you define; CAPH can try a reboot first1514Syself Autopilot Cloud nodes rebooted, then replaced if they don’t recover; bare-metal nodes rebooted, and Syself tells you what broke when the hardware is at fault8
SecuritySelf-managed Kubernetes Every layer is yours to harden and patch; RKE2 passes most CIS controls by default19Cluster API + CAPH Yours: harden your images, set the Kubernetes flags and fix CVEs in the images and every in-cluster component14Syself Autopilot Covered from the node OS to every in-cluster component: CIS and STIG conformance, KubeGate limiting the API server to IPs you trust, OIDC sign-in, and an SBOM and CVE verdicts per release24282910
SupportSelf-managed Kubernetes Community, or a commercial distribution subscriptionCluster API + CAPH Community on GitHub, or ask Syself14Syself Autopilot Support from the Syself team on business days included with Syself Autopilot; Premium Support with a custom SLA and 24/7 cover; migration by Syself or agencies2238
PriceSelf-managed Kubernetes Free software; the server setup, OS patches, upgrades and repairs are your work36Cluster API + CAPH Free, Apache-2.0; the management cluster, node images, CVE fixes and upgrade tests are your work14Syself Autopilot A platform fee plus a usage-based fee tied to your infrastructure spend, not to nodes or clusters; request a 14-day trial without limits or a free plan for one cluster of up to 5 nodes of any size22

Community tooling moves fast; check each project’s current documentation.

Who Does the Work of Running Kubernetes

Every Kubernetes setup has to cover the same layers: the servers, the operating system, Kubernetes and the components inside the cluster. See which jobs stay with you in each option.

Self-managed Kubernetes k3s, RKE2, kubeadm

15 of 16 jobs left to you, 1 shared

Cluster API + CAPH open source

10 of 16 jobs left to you, 4 shared

fully managed, on your servers

2 of 16 jobs left to you, 4 shared

Each segment is one job. Point at it to see which job it is, or click it to read why.

Left to you Shared Handled by the vendor, or not needed
  • Servers Create, provision and replace the machines
  • Create and set up new servers Order the server, install the OS and join it. CAPH and Syself Autopilot do it for you; Syself builds the node before first boot, so it boots ready.145
    Self-managed Kubernetes You
    Cluster API + CAPH Automated
    Syself Autopilot Syself
  • Bring bare-metal servers into a cluster Hetzner has no server types or instant delivery for bare metal, so renting is the only manual step. Once you have the server, CAPH and Syself Autopilot install it and join it to the cluster.146
    Self-managed Kubernetes You
    Cluster API + CAPH Shared
    Syself Autopilot Syself
  • Replace a Hetzner Cloud server that fails CAPH’s example templates include MachineHealthChecks; you tune and maintain them.1514
    Self-managed Kubernetes You
    Cluster API + CAPH Shared
    Syself Autopilot Syself
  • Handle a failing bare-metal server With CAPH, a MachineHealthCheck you set up can reboot it; the cause is yours to find. Syself watches each node, disks included, reboots it and, when the hardware is at fault, tells you what broke so you can open the Hetzner ticket.148
    Self-managed Kubernetes You
    Cluster API + CAPH Shared
    Syself Autopilot Shared
  • Operating system Install it, patch it and keep every node the same
  • Patch the operating system and follow its CVEs Pick a Linux, build the node image, patch it and track its CVEs; the 1.36 v7 release, for example, updated the kernel, containerd, runc, PAM and the CA bundle.41 Syself ships each fix in a new Syself Linux image.3
    Self-managed Kubernetes You
    Cluster API + CAPH You
    Syself Autopilot Syself
  • Keep every node the same Syself Linux is read-only and replaced rather than patched, so nodes don’t drift apart. CAPH builds machines from your image; hand-patched nodes drift.314
    Self-managed Kubernetes You
    Cluster API + CAPH Shared
    Syself Autopilot Syself
  • Kubernetes Install, configure and upgrade the components
  • Decide when to upgrade Syself ships tested updates every week, and the Version Hub shows what changed, what got fixed and where security stands; you choose when each cluster moves.235
    Self-managed Kubernetes You
    Cluster API + CAPH You
    Syself Autopilot Shared
  • Upgrade Kubernetes and the components inside the cluster About three minors arrive a year and a patch about once a month, and a minor can’t be skipped.163117 Cluster API rolls machines when you change the version; the in-cluster components are yours.14 With Syself you trigger the update, and it drains, removes and replaces each node on its own.30
    Self-managed Kubernetes You
    Cluster API + CAPH You
    Syself Autopilot Syself
  • Replace a control-plane node Cluster API replaces control-plane machines the same way as workers; on a self-managed cluster it’s a manual procedure.14
    Self-managed Kubernetes You
    Cluster API + CAPH Automated
    Syself Autopilot Syself
  • Test each platform update before it reaches your clusters k3s and RKE2 test their own bundle; with CAPH the combination you assemble is yours to test. Syself runs more than 400 tests on real clusters per release, and a cluster can only use a release that passed.184
    Self-managed Kubernetes Shared
    Cluster API + CAPH You
    Syself Autopilot Syself
  • Inside the cluster The network plugin, the Hetzner integration and storage
  • Install and upgrade the network plugin, Hetzner integration and storage A Cluster Stack pins and moves them together. Tools such as hetzner-k3s install them on a self-managed cluster; upgrades stay with you.220
    Self-managed Kubernetes You
    Cluster API + CAPH You
    Syself Autopilot Syself
  • Day to day Backups, access, logs and the workloads
  • Find the CVEs that affect your clusters and roll out tested fixes Tracking CVEs, testing fixes and rolling them out to every node, at least monthly. Syself records a verdict for each CVE and ships fixes in a tested release.3435
    Self-managed Kubernetes You
    Cluster API + CAPH You
    Syself Autopilot Syself
  • Run your databases and services, and back up their data Syself Autopilot ships the storage and documents operators such as CloudNativePG.26 You run the databases and back up them, the volumes and cluster-only Secrets,39 or an agency does it in your cluster.38
    Self-managed Kubernetes You
    Cluster API + CAPH You
    Syself Autopilot Shared
  • Lock down access, networking and logs Syself runs a default-deny firewall on every node, hardens the API server, can limit it to trusted IPs and supports OIDC.242829 etcd encryption, RBAC, SSH, network policies and log shipping stay with you.33
    Self-managed Kubernetes You
    Cluster API + CAPH You
    Syself Autopilot Shared
  • Keep your workloads running when a node goes away Yours on every option: run more than one replica, set PodDisruptionBudgets and check for removed APIs before a new minor.4
    Self-managed Kubernetes You
    Cluster API + CAPH You
    Syself Autopilot You
  • Store metrics and logs, and route alerts Yours on every option. Syself watches and repairs nodes, but Prometheus, Grafana, Alertmanager and log storage are yours to install.37
    Self-managed Kubernetes You
    Cluster API + CAPH You
    Syself Autopilot You

On every option, Syself Autopilot included, you still back up workloads and data, run monitoring and alerting, and set access, encryption and network policies. See what you own and what Syself manages.

What Each One Costs

All three run on the same Hetzner servers, so the server bill is the same. Self-managed Kubernetes and CAPH are free, and running them is your work.36 With Syself Autopilot, you pay a fee and Syself does that work.22

Self-managed Kubernetes k3s, RKE2, kubeadm
Software license; the OS, upgrade, CVE and repair work is yours
€0
Cluster API + CAPH open source
Software license, Apache-2.0; the node images, upgrades and their tests are yours
€0
fully managed, on your servers

What Syself runs for you

  • Servers, OS, Kubernetes and cluster components
  • Releases tested on real clusters, with SBOM and VEX
  • Support from the Syself team

Platform fee Usage-based fee

Usage-based fee tied to your infrastructure spend, not to nodes or clusters.

Request a 14-day trial without limits or a free plan for one cluster of up to 5 nodes of any size, no vCPU cap, bare metal included.

Your servers Billed separately by your cloud or bare-metal provider

Syself Autopilot doesn’t charge per node, CPU or memory; try your numbers in the pricing calculator.22

Syself Autopilot was the ideal solution for us. We wanted the raw computing power of Hetzner dedicated servers but without the added complexities such as maintaining a hardened OS image. All the best practices seem to be implemented and the support has been very helpful and professional.

Stephen Hoogendijk

CTO, Maxroll Technologies B.V.

Questions Teams Ask First

Short answers, each linked to the projects’ own documentation.

Other Comparisons

Not Sure Which Option Fits?

Request a 14-day trial without limits on your own Hetzner account or a free plan for one cluster of up to 5 nodes of any size. If CAPH or self-managed Kubernetes is the better fit, Syself will say so.

Sources

  1. 1. What is Syself Autopilot?
  2. 2. What is a Cluster Stack?
  3. 3. Syself Linux: an immutable, verifiable node OS
  4. 4. How Syself tests a Cluster Stack release
  5. 5. Fast node provisioning from the rescue system
  6. 6. Syself docs: adding bare-metal servers
  7. 7. Syself docs: maintenance prechecks and no rollback
  8. 8. Node health monitoring and self-healing
  9. 9. Hetzner Cloud products
  10. 10. How Syself builds a secure node OS
  11. 11. Hetzner installimage
  12. 12. Hetzner cloud controller manager
  13. 13. kubeadm: creating a cluster
  14. 14. Cluster API provider for Hetzner (CAPH)
  15. 15. Cluster API: MachineHealthChecks
  16. 16. Kubernetes release cycle
  17. 17. Kubernetes version skew policy
  18. 18. k3s on GitHub
  19. 19. RKE2 hardening guide
  20. 20. hetzner-k3s
  21. 21. kube-hetzner
  22. 22. Syself pricing and support plans
  23. 23. Hetzner Cloud changelog
  24. 24. Syself docs: meet compliance requirements
  25. 25. Hetzner: traffic for dedicated servers
  26. 26. Syself docs: choose storage (databases on local NVMe)
  27. 27. Syself docs: run virtual machines with KubeVirt
  28. 28. Syself docs: restrict API server access
  29. 29. Syself docs: configure OIDC
  30. 30. Syself docs: how cluster upgrades work
  31. 31. Kubernetes patch releases
  32. 32. Syself docs: configure control planes
  33. 33. Syself docs: what you own, what Syself manages
  34. 34. Syself docs: support channels and CVE patch windows
  35. 35. Syself docs: security evidence per release
  36. 36. Syself docs: the economics of owning vs renting
  37. 37. Syself docs: what ships for observability and what you bring
  38. 38. Syself docs: run it yourself or with help
  39. 39. Syself docs: backup and disaster recovery
  40. 40. Syself docs: where your management cluster runs
  41. 41. Syself Version Hub: 1.36 v7 release notes